Rules for Constructing Real Constants
Real constants are often called Floating Point constants.
The real constants could be written in two forms, Fractional form and
Exponential form.
Following rules must be observed while constructing real
constants expressed in fractional form:
(a) A real constant must have at least one digit.
(b) It must have a decimal point.
(c) It could be either positive or negative.
(d) Default sign is positive.
(e) No commas or blanks are allowed within a real constant.
Ex.: +325.34 426.0 -32.76 -48.5792
The exponential form of representation of real constants is
usually used if the value of the constant is either too small or too large.
It
however doesn’t restrict us in any way from using exponential form of
representation for other real constants.
In exponential form of representation, the real constant is
represented in two parts. The part appearing before ‘e’ is called mantissa,
whereas the part following ‘e’ is called exponent.
Following rules must be observed while constructing real
constants expressed in exponential form:
(a) The mantissa part and the exponential part should be
separated by a letter e.
(b) The mantissa part may
have a positive or negative sign.
(c) Default sign of mantissa part is positive.
(d) The exponent must have at least one digit, which must be a
positive or negative integer. Default sign is positive.
(e) Range of real
constants expressed in exponential form is
-3.4e38 to 3.4e38.
Ex.: +3.2e-5 4.1e8 -0.2e+3 -3.2e-5 Rules
Rules for Constructing Character Constants.
(a) A character
constant is a single alphabet, a single digit or a single special symbol
enclosed within single inverted commas. Both the inverted commas should point
to the left. For example, ’A’ is a valid character constant whereas ‘A’ is not.
(b) The maximum length of a character constant can be 1 character.
Ex.: 'A' 'I' '5' '='
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